The definitive phase started January 1, 2026. EU importers of iron and steel, cement, aluminium, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen must now obtain authorization, calculate embedded emissions, and surrender certificates by September 30, 2027.
Certificate sales open February 1, 2027. The quarterly holding threshold is 50% of cumulative embedded emissions.
Default values carry a 10–30% punitive mark-up. What EU buyers need from you and how to avoid it.
Turkey has the largest absolute CBAM exposure of any exporting country.
A certificate-based mechanism tied to the EU ETS price — not a tariff or a tax.